-
1 sanctioned activities
-
2 sanctioned activity
= sanctioned activities дозволена діяльність -
3 sanctioned
(офіційно) дозволений, санкціонований; легальний; легітимний; ратифікований- sanctioned activity
- sanctioned activities
- sanctioned by court -
4 Slavery and Slave trade, Portuguese
The Portuguese role in the Atlantic slave trade (ca. 1500-1850), next to Portugal's motives for empire and the nature of her colonial rule, remains one of the most controversial historical questions. The institution of slavery was conventional in Roman and Visigothic Portugal, and the Catholic Church sanctioned it. The origins of an international traffic in enslaved African captives in the Atlantic are usually dated to after the year 1411, when the first black African slaves were brought to Portugal (Lagos) and sold, but there were activities a century earlier that indicated the beginnings. In the 1340s, under King Afonso IV, Portuguese had captured native islanders on voyages to the Canary Islands and later used them as slave labor in the sugar plantations of Madeira. After 1500, and especially after the 1550s, when African slave-worked plantations became established in Brazil and other American colonies, the Atlantic slave trade became a vast international enterprise in which Portugal played a key role. But all the European maritime powers were involved in the slave trade from 1500 to 1800, including Great Britain, France, and Holland, those countries that eventually pressured Portugal to cease the slave trade in its empire.No one knows the actual numbers of Africans enslaved in the nefarious business, but it is clear that millions of persons during more than three-and-a-half centuries were forcibly stolen from African societies and that the survivors of the terrible slave voyages helped build the economies of the Americas. Portugal's role in the trade was as controversial as its impact on Portuguese society. Comparatively large numbers of African slaves resided in Portugal, although the precise number remains a mystery; by the last quarter of the 18th century, when the prime minister of King José I, the Marquis of Pombal abolished slavery in Portugal, the African racial element had been largely absorbed in Portuguese society.Great Portuguese fortunes were built on the African slave trade in Portugal, Brazil, and Angola, and the slave trade continued in the Portuguese empire until the 1850s and 1860s. The Angolan slave trade across the Atlantic was doomed after Brazil banned the import of slaves in 1850, under great pressure from Britain. As for slavery in Portugal's African empire, various forms of this institution, including forced labor, continued in Angola and Mozambique until the early 1960s. A curious vestige of the Portuguese role in the African slave trade over the centuries is found in the family name, appearing in Lisbon telephone books, of Negreiro, which means literally, "One who trades in (African) Negro slaves."Historical dictionary of Portugal > Slavery and Slave trade, Portuguese
-
5 career break
HRa planned interruption to working life, usually for a predetermined period of time. A career break is usually designed either to aid career development or to enable somebody to balance work and family life. It may take the form of parental leave, or a sabbatical for study, research, or exploring alternative activities. A career break may be sanctioned by an employer or taken without the support of an employer.
См. также в других словарях:
New Mexico Activities Association — Abbreviation NMAA … Wikipedia
Oregon School Activities Association — Abbreviation OSAA … Wikipedia
Washington Interscholastic Activities Association — The Washington Interscholastic Activities Association is the governing body of high school athletics and activities in the state of Washington. WIAA sanctioned activitiesThe WIAA oversees the following activities:AthleticsCascadeNorthwest 1Bouth… … Wikipedia
Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association — Abbreviation NIAA Formation 1922 Type Volunteer; … Wikipedia
Arkansas Activities Association — This organization is often addressed by the initials AAA. For other uses of this term, see AAA (disambiguation). The Arkansas Activities Association (locally known as the AAA) is the primary sanctioning body for high school sports in state of… … Wikipedia
History of Church activities in Zambia — Christianity has been very much at the heart of the narrative the Zambian region since the European colonial explorations into the interior of Africa in the mid nineteenth century. The area features heavily in the accounts of David Livingstone’s… … Wikipedia
Ultra vires activities — Corporate actions and operations that are not sanctioned by corporate charter, sometimes leading to shareholder lawsuits. Bloomberg Financial Dictionary … Financial and business terms
New Mexico Association of Student Councils — Abbreviation NMASC Motto New Mexico s premier student leadership organization. Legal status Association Pu … Wikipedia
Kentucky High School Athletic Association — The Kentucky High School Athletic Association (KHSAA) has been the governing body of Kentucky high school athletics since 1917. Located in Lexington, the organization sanctions competition in the following sports: *Boys and girls **Basketball… … Wikipedia
The Woodlands High School — Address 6101 Research Forest Drive The Woodlands, Texas, 77381 United States Information School type Public high school … Wikipedia
Comedian (comics) — Superherobox| caption=The Comedian from Watchmen. Art by Dave Gibbons. comic color=background:#8080ff character name=The Comedian real name=Edward Morgan Blake publisher=DC Comics debut= Watchmen #1 (1986) creators=Alan Moore (story) and Dave… … Wikipedia
